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The Sandoz chemical spill was a major environmental disaster caused by a fire and its subsequent extinguishing at Sandoz agrochemical storehouse in Schweizerhalle, Basel-Landschaft, Switzerland, on 1 November 1986, which released toxic agrochemicals into the air and resulted in tons of pollutants entering the Rhine river, turning it red.〔(1986: Chemical spill turns Rhine red ). BBC〕 The chemicals caused a massive mortality of wildlife downstream, killing among other things a large proportion of the European eel population in the Rhine,〔Herbert Güttinger & Werner Stumm (1992). An Analysis of the Rhine Pollution caused by the Sandoz Chemical Accident, 1986. ''Interdisciplinary Science Reviews'' 17 (2), 127-136.〕 although the situation subsequently recovered within a couple of years.〔Anton Lelek & Christian Köhler (1990). Restoration of fish communities of the rhine river two years after a heavy pollution wave. ''Regulated Rivers: Research & Management'' 5 (1): 57-66.〕 The stored chemicals included, beside urea and fluorescent dye, organophosphate insecticides, mercury compounds and organochlorines.〔B. Hurni. Sandoz Accident. In: ''Organic Micropollutants in the Aquatic Environment: Proceedings of the Fifth European Symposium, Rome, Italy, October 20–22, 1987''. Boston: Kluwer, 1988. P. 128-131.〕 Among the major resulting water pollutants were dinitro-ortho-cresol, the organophosphate chemicals propetamphos, parathion, disulfoton, thiometon, etrimphos and fenitrothion, as well as the organochlorine metoxuron.〔Efraim Halfon & Rainer Büggemann (2006). Environmental Hazard Ranking of Chemicals Spilled in the Rhine River in November 1986. ''Acta hydrochimica et hydrobiologica'' 17(1), 47-60.〕 The cause of the blaze was never established.〔(Police moot new probe into Schweizerhalle blaze ) Swiss info〕 In 2000 Vincent Cannistraro, a former senior U.S. intelligence official, stated that the Soviet KGB had ordered the East German Stasi to sabotage the chemical factory. According to him, the operation's objective was to distract attention from the Chernobyl disaster six months earlier in the Soviet Union.〔KGB ordered Swiss explosion to distract attention from Chernobyl. United Press International. 27 Nov 2000〕〔(Stasi accused of Swiss disaster ). The Irish Times. Nov 23, 2000.〕〔Sehnsucht Natur: Ökologisierung des Denkens (2009). Johannes Straubinger.〕 The Swiss authorities were considering opening investigations again.〔〔(Police moot new probe into Schweizerhalle blaze ). Swiss info.〕 As a consequence Sandoz extended its Health, Safety & Environment activities and introduced new procedures for risk & emergency management including auditing. Eventually Sandoz created a Sustainability Performance Management System today known as doCOUNT 2.0 Sustainability Performance Management Suite.〔(Website of doCOUNT Ltd. )〕 ==References== de:Schweizerhalle 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sandoz chemical spill」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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